Thomson Reuters, China, and ‘regional’ journals: of gifts and knowledge production

Numerous funding councils, academics, multilateral organizations, media outlets, and firms, are exhibiting enhanced interest in the evolution of the Chinese higher education system, including its role as a site and space of knowledge production. See these three recent contributions, for example:

• ‘Chinese City Partners with New York School‘, National Public Radio, 28 May 2008
• ‘Documenting China’s higher ed explosion‘, Inside Higher Ed, 1 April 2008.
• Li, Y., Whalley, J., Zhang, S., and Zhao, X. (2008) ‘The higher educational transformation of China and its global implications’, National Bureau Of Economic Research Working Paper 13849.

It is thus noteworthy that the “Scientific business of Thomson Reuters” (as they are now known) has been seeking to position itself as a key analyst of the changing contribution of China-based scholars to the global research landscape. As anyone who has worked in Asia knows, the power of bibliometrics is immense, and quickly becoming more so, within the relevant governance systems that operate across the region. The strategists at Scientific clearly have their eye on the horizon, and are laying the foundations for a key presence in future of deliberations about the production of knowledge in and on China (and the Asia-Pacific more generally).

Thomson and the gift economy

One of the mechanisms to establish a presence and effect is the production of knowledge about knowledge (in this case patents and ISI Web of Science citable articles), as well as gifts. On the gift economy front, yesterday marked the establishment of the first ‘Thomson Reuters Research Fronts Award 2008’, which was jointly sponsored Thomson Reuters and the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) “Research Front Analysis Center”, National Science Library. The awards ceremony was held in the sumptuous setting of the Hotel Nikko New Century Beijing.

As the Thomson Reuters press release notes:

This accolade is awarded to prominent scientific papers and their corresponding authors in recognition of their outstanding pioneering research and influential contribution to international research and development (R&D). The event was attended by over 150 of the winners’ industry peers from leading research institutions, universities and libraries.

The award is significant to China’s science community as it accords global recognition to their collaborative research work undertaken across all disciplines and institutions and highlights their contribution to groundbreaking research that has made China one of the world’s leading countries for the influence of its scientific papers. According to the citation analysis based on data from Scientific’s Web of Science, China is ranked second in the world by number of scientific papers published in 2007. [my emphasis]

Thomson incorporates ‘regional’ journals into the Web of Science

It was also interesting to receive news two days ago that the Scientific business of Thomson Reuters has just added “700 new regional journals” to the ISI Web of Science, journals that “typically target a regional rather than international audience by approaching subjects from a local perspective or focusing on particular topics of regional interest”. The breakdown of newly included journals is below, and was kindly sent to me by Thomson Reuters:

Scientific only admits journals that meet international standard publishing practices, and include notable elements of English so as to enable the data base development process, as noted here:

All journals added to the Web of Science go through a rigorous selection process. To meet stringent criteria for selection, regional journals must be published on time, have English-language bibliographic information (title, abstract, keywords), and cited references must be in the Roman alphabet.

In a general sense, this is a positive development; one that many regionally-focused scholars have been crying out for for years. There are inevitably some issues being grappled with about just which ‘regional’ journals are included, the implications for authors and publishers to include English-language bibliographic information (not cheap on a mass basis), and whether it really matters in the end to a globalizing higher education system that seems to be fixated on international refereed (IR) journal outlets. Still, this is progress of a notable type.

Intellectual Property (IP) generation (2003-2007)

The horizon scanning Thomson Reuters is engaged in generates relevant information for many audiences. For example, see the two graphics below, which track 2003-2007 patent production rates and levels within select “priority countries”. The graphics are available in World IP Today by Thomson Reuters (2008). Click on them for a sensible (for the eye) size.

Noteworthy is the fact that:

China has almost doubled its volume of patents from 2003-2007 and will become a strong rival to Japan and the United States in years to come. Academia represents a key source of innovation in many countries. China has the largest proportion of academic innovation. This is strong evidence of the Chinese Government’s drive to strengthen its academic institutions

Thus we see China as a rapidly increasing producer of IP (in the form of patents), though in a system that is relatively more dependent upon its universities to act as a base for the production process. To be sure private and state-owned enterprises will become more significant over time in China (and Russia), but the relative importance of universities (versus firms or research-only agencies) in the knowledge production landscape is to be noted.

Through the production of such knowledge, technologies, and events, the Scientific business of Thomson Reuters seeks to function as the key global broker of knowledge about knowledge. Yet the role of this institution in providing and reshaping the architecture that shapes ever more scholars’ careers, and ever more higher education systems, is remarkably under-examined.

Kris Olds

ps: alas GlobalHigherEd is still being censored out in China as we use a WordPress.com blogging platform and the Chinese government is blanket censoring all WordPress.com blogs. So much for knowledge sharing!

Thomson Innovation, UK Research Footprints®, and global audit culture

Thomson Scientific, the private firm fueling the bibliometrics drive in academia, is in the process of positioning itself as the anchor point for data on intellectual property (IP) and research. Following tantalizers in the form of free reports such as World IP Today: A Thomson Scientific Report on Global Patent Activity from 1997-2006 (from which the two images below are taken), Thomson Scientific is establishing, in phases, Thomson Innovation, which will provide, when completed:

• Comprehensive prior art searching with the ability to search patents and scientific literature simultaneously
• Expanded Asian patent coverage, including translations of Japanese full-text and additional editorially enhanced abstracts of Chinese data
• A fully integrated searchable database combining Derwent World Patent Index® (DWPISM) with full-text patent data to provide the most comprehensive patent records available
• Support of strategic intellectual property decisions through:
  • powerful analysis and visualization tools, such as charting, citation mapping and search result ranking
  • and, integration of business and news resources

• Enhanced collaboration capabilities, including customizable folder structures that enable users to organize, annotate, search and share relevant files.

Speaking of bibliometrics, Evidence Ltd., the private firm that is shaping some of the debates about the post-Research Assessment Exercise (RAE) system of evaluating research quality and impact in UK universities, recently released the UK Higher Education Research Yearbook 2007. This £255 (for higher education customers) report:

[P]rovides the means to gain a rapid overview of the research strengths of any UK Higher Education institution, and compare its performance with that of its peers. It is an invaluable tool for those wishing to assess their own institution’s areas of relative strength and weakness, as well as versatile directory for those looking to invest in UK research. It will save research offices in any organisation with R&D links many months of work, allowing administrative and management staff the opportunity to focus on the strategic priorities that these data will help to inform….

It sets out in clear diagrams and summary tables the research profile for Universities and Colleges funded for research. Research Footprints® compare each institution’s performance to the average for its sector, allowing strengths and weaknesses to be rapidly identified by research managers and by industrial customers.

See below, for one example of how a sample university (in this case the University of Warwick) has its “Research Footprint®” graphically represented. This image is included in a brief article about Warwick by Vice-Chancellor Nigel Thrift, and is available on Warwick’s News & Events website.

Given the metrics that are utilized, it is clear, even if the data is not published, that individual researchers’ footprints will be available for systematic and comparative analysis, thereby enabling the governance of faculty with the back-up of ‘data’, and the targeted recruitment of the ‘big foot’ wherever s/he resides (though Sasquatches presumably need not apply!).

Kris Olds